Weather dictionary

Starting with the post on August 27, 2025, any term that I use in the blog will be defined here.

  • Airmass – An area of air characterized by a certain attribute, like humidity or temperature.
  • Anticyclone – An alternate word for “high pressure system”.
  • Atmosphere – The air encircling the globe.
  • AQHI – Air Quality Health Index.
  • AQI – Air Quality Index.
  • Bermuda high – A high that always sits in the north Atlantic.
  • Block – A shortened version of “Blocking system”.
  • Blocking system – A collection of some amount of upper-level highs and lows that sit in one place for days and block other systems from moving through it.
  • Cold snap – An alternate word for “cold wave”.
  • Cold wave – A period of low temperatures.
  • Cloud – An area of condensed water vapor in the atmosphere, appearing somewhere on the greyscale.
  • Cloud cover – The amount of clouds visible
  • Cyclone – An alternate word for “low pressure system”.
  • Dew point – The temperature it would have to get to to create dew. A common myth is that the humidity is what controls how “humid” the air feels. That is incorrect; it is actually the dew point.
  • Front – A moving line where one lower-level airmass changes to another.
  • Frost – Water vapor that sublimates directly on to surfaces on cold nights.
  • Haze – Non-significantly reduced visibility
  • Heat wave – A period of high temperatures.
  • High¹ – The highest temperature occurring in a day, usually 1-5 hours before sunset.
  • High² – A shortened version of “high pressure system”.
  • High pressure system – An area of higher pressure, also usually denoted by winds rotating clockwise outwards (in the northern hemisphere) and low amounts of cloud cover.
  • Humidity – The moisture content of the air.
  • Jet – A shortened version of “Jet stream”.
  • Jet stream – One of 4 bands of moving air circling around the globe from west to east.
  • Longwave – A ridge/trough accompanied by at least one upper-level high/low, that is creating a significant bulge in the jet stream.
  • Low¹ – The lowest temperature occurring in a night, usually 0-3 hours before sunrise.
  • Low² – A shortened version of “low pressure system”.
  • Lower-level – Used for highs and lows when they can be see on surface analysis charts, thus being in the lower troposphere.
  • Low pressure system – An area of higher pressure, also usually denoted by winds rotating counter-clockwise inwards (in the northern hemisphere), high amounts of cloud cover, and precipitation.
  • Omega block – A blocking system where a high is flanked by two lows and the jet stream wraps in between.
  • Pacific high – A high that always sits in the north Pacific.
  • Polar jet stream – The main jet stream, which separates warm from cold air.
  • Precipitation – Solid pieces or ice or liquid droplets of water falling from a cloud.
  • Pressure – The amount force being applied to an object. In meteorology’s case, the ground.
  • Rex block – A blocking systems where a high positions itself north of a low (in the northern hemisphere) and the jet stream wraps in between.
  • Ridge – A line of higher pressure adjacent to areas of lower pressure.
  • Shortwave – A ridge/through that is stemming from a longwave ridge/trough, and is less prominent.
  • Smoke – Fine particulate matter generated by fires.
  • Surface analysis chart – A chart that shows conditions near the surface including station measurements, pressure isolines, and positions of fronts.
  • Temperature – How hot or cold the air is, or the measure of the amount of movement in particles. Depends on if you’re thinking about it scientifically or not.
  • Troposphere – The layer of atmosphere where all* weather occurs, ranging from the surface to somewhere in the teens of kilometres, depending on where you are in the world and what season it is.
  • Trough – A line of lower pressure adjacent to areas of higher pressure.
  • Upper-level – A high or low that can be seen on upper air charts, thus being in the upper troposphere.
  • Upper air chart – A chart that shows conditions high in the troposphere including the jet stream, ridges, and troughs.
  • Visibility – How far objects can be viewed in the atmosphere.
  • Weather model – A system that analyzes current conditions to then predict the future.
  • Wind – Movement of air. You know what it is.

*Except aurora, noctilucent and nacreous clouds, and overshooting tops of Cumulonimbus clouds.